The defending champions were well placed on 133 for 2 before legspinner Swepson sparked a collapse.
Queensland 26 for 0 trails South Australia 228 (McInerney 60, Sangha 51, Neser 4-30, Swepson 4-50) by 202 runs.
Michael Neser continued his impressive start to the summer, combining with Mitchell Swepson to claim four wickets apiece, dismantling South Australia for a total of 228 runs.
Queensland concluded day one of their Sheffield Shield encounter at Adelaide Oval on 26 without loss in response to South Australia`s innings, with Usman Khawaja remaining unbeaten on 22.
Neser, often overlooked in discussions regarding fast bowlers ahead of the Ashes, showcased his prowess by tearing through Tasmania with figures of 4 for 75 in the opening round. He maintained this form on Wednesday, securing 4 for 30 after South Australia had initially established a solid foundation of 133 for 2.
After dislodging Nathan McSweeney`s off stump when the right-hander opted to leave a delivery post-lunch, Neser secured the final three wickets of the day. He first had Wes Agar caught at slip while attempting a pull shot, then dismissed Liam Scott for 44 with an edge off a drive, and finally had Jordan Buckingham caught behind.
Despite his wickets coming later in the innings, Neser`s performance undoubtedly strengthens his case for further Test appearances for Australia, adding to his existing two caps.
Scott Boland is widely expected to step in for Pat Cummins in the first Test if Australia`s captain fails to recover from a back injury in time.
However, Neser emerges as a strong contender should Cummins remain sidelined later in the series or if another Australian quick requires rest. This prospect became even more significant after fellow Ashes hopeful Sean Abbott suffered a split webbing on his bowling hand while playing for NSW on Wednesday.
While Neser`s contributions carry potential Ashes implications, former Test spinner Swepson was Queensland`s standout bowler on day one.
He was instrumental in South Australia`s collapse, taking four wickets as they tumbled from 133 for 2 to 188 for 7. His crucial dismissal was Conor McInerney, who was out lbw for 60.
The legspinner also secured the wicket of Jason Sangha, well caught by Khawaja close to the ground at slip, before the in-form Jake Lehmann struck a delivery straight to square leg.
Swepson`s fourth dismissal occurred when Nathan McAndrew drove him on the up to cover, sealing a productive day for the Queensland cricketer.
